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Treatments For ADD – Drugs and Counselling Treatment options for ADD include drugs and counselling. Both are crucial to test to determine which is more effective. People with classic ADD are irritable, disorganized and are often hyperactive. They have low blood flow in their prefrontal cortex, basal Ganglia and the thalamus. They also have low levels of dopamine. Treatment typically involves increasing dopamine levels. Stimulants Stimulants boost the body's systems. They are available in the form of prescription drugs like amphetamines, methylphenidates, and diet aids such as Didrex, Bontril, and Fastin. They are also illegally abused and are often mixed with other substances such as methcathinone and cocaine. They can be consumed in the form of syrups, pills or liquids, or patches that are applied to the skin. They boost the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine that are present in the brain's synapses, improving concentration. They also reduce impulsivity and hyperactivity, and improve working memory. These are the most common drugs prescribed to adults with ADHD. They can cause negative side effects, such as a decreased appetite, trouble sleeping and increased blood pressure or heart rate. They can also interfere with certain medical treatments and medications, so it's important to discuss any concerns with your doctor. Medications can reduce ADHD symptoms in around 70% to 80% of people who take them. However, not all people respond to the same medication, and the effects may not be lasting. Some people don't like stimulants or don't like their adverse effects. If this is the case, doctors may prescribe nonstimulant drugs. These drugs might not be as efficient as stimulants, however they can help improve focus and attention as well as control impulses. Doctors typically prescribe these drugs together with stimulants to increase the effectiveness. Nonstimulant medicines take longer to get started and don't work as quickly. They affect neurotransmitters differently than stimulants, and they don't increase dopamine levels in the brain. Examples include atomoxetine and clonidine and the guanfacine. The most common side effect of these medications is sleepiness. The drowsiness is reduced by increasing the dose or taking the medication before the time of sleep. The drowsiness should subside within a few weeks of beginning treatment. Antidepressants Most antidepressants alter chemicals in the brain, referred to as neurotransmitters. They are classified based on how they affect these neurotransmitters with each class having a variety of medications that perform in slightly different ways. These include selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs), serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs), atypical antidepressants, tricyclic antidepressants and monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs). A doctor might suggest you start taking one of these groups in order to relieve depression and anxiety symptoms. These medications might not provide immediate relief, since it could take a few weeks before you experience the full benefits. Your doctor and you will determine which medication is best for you. They may combine two antidepressants, or add other medicines to boost the effects of your treatment. This is referred to as augmentation. The most commonly used augmentation drugs are aripiprazole (Abilify) as well as quetiapine (Seroquel) and lithium (Lithobid). Antidepressants can cause a variety of side effects. It is important to speak with your doctor about these side effects, since some of them could interfere with your daily activities. These side effects can range from mild to severe, and they can be triggered by the type of antidepressant you're taking. Inform your doctor if taking any other medications, such as herbal remedies and over-the-counter drugs such as St. John's Wort. SSRIs are the most commonly prescribed antidepressants, and are known to have less side-effects than other antidepressants. The SSRIs include fluoxetine (Prozac) and paroxetine (Paxil, Pexeva) and sertraline (Zoloft). The SNRIs boost levels of both serotonin and norepinephrine within the brain. This is why they are considered to be more effective than SSRIs. They also have a longer half-life than SSRIs and are less likely to interact with other medications. The SNRIs include duloxetine (Cymbalta), and venlafaxine, (Effexor). Atypical antidepressants can be utilized to boost energy levels and help you feel more awake. They can be beneficial for people who have anxiety or insomnia that is very severe. Bupropion (Wellbutrin and Zyban) as well as mirtazapine are two of the most common. These drugs can cause insomnia or jitteriness but they can be helpful for many people who suffer from depression, ADHD, and anxiety. They are also used for the treatment of bulimia as well as as a smoking cessation aid. Cognitive therapy for behavioural issues Cognitive behavioral therapy is a tried and true treatment for mental disorders. It is based on the idea that thoughts and feelings are interconnected and can be changed. CBT is a measurable, short-term program that teaches you new ways to cope with stressors and bad habits. It can be used to treat depression, anxiety and bipolar disorder. CBT aims to transform unhelpful thoughts and emotions into positive thoughts or behaviours. It is a combination of two different therapies, cognitive therapy and behavior therapy. This kind of psychotherapy is typically short-term and can be done either in a group setting or in a private setting. You will be taught various techniques by a therapist, and then you will practice them in daily life. Some of these techniques include learning to recognize your negative automatic thoughts, implementing mindfulness meditation and keeping a thought journal. A therapist will also assist you in identifying the negative thoughts that cause behavior that is not optimal and provide strategies to change these assumptions. They will also teach you how to solve problems in your daily life. Therapists in CBT will also help you to set SMART goals (specific goals that are measurable, achievable, relevant, and time-based) to make it easier to track your progress. While each kind of cognitive behavioral therapy takes an entirely different approach, they all focus on identifying the fundamental mental thoughts that contribute to emotional distress and changing them. The therapists use different techniques but they all operate on the principles of operant and classical conditioning, which involves the association of stimuli with their effects. During the treatment the person who is treating you will reward you for completing tasks and punish those who fail to complete them. In the first few sessions the therapist will assist you to identify the problem behaviors and replace them with healthy ones. They may also assign homework to help you master the abilities. Depending on Iam Psychiatry of your condition it could take up to 6-20 one-onone sessions. CBT is effective in treating a variety of conditions including anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic disorders (PTSD). It can also be effective in treating adult ADHD, a condition that affects people as young seven. Counseling Counselling is a form of psychotherapy that uses regular, scheduled meetings with a therapist to discuss your issues. Usually these sessions last for around 50 minutes and may be face-to-face, in groups or via phone. Counselling can help people with a range of mental health issues, including schizophrenia, depression, and bipolar disorder. It can also be used to talk about relationship, friendship and family issues, as well as work-related difficulties. A counselor will listen to your problems and provide an objective viewpoint. They will be able to identify patterns of behaviour and suggest ways to change them. They will be able to teach you coping strategies and techniques for managing stress, anxiety or depression. They can assist you in adjusting to major life changes, such as divorce or loss of loved ones. They can also teach you how to manage chronic illnesses and addictions. Some counsellors charge fees for their services, while others may be covered by Medicare rebates when you have a mental health care plan from your doctor.